One common question when it comes to learn coding is how easy it is and does one should have java background/coding knowledge to pursue Salesforce developer path?
Short answer is no, it's easy to learn coding and if one has java knowledge it becomes much more easier but that's not a prerequisite/required skill at all!!
Only when you are not able to implement the user story based on out of the box features, that's when it is recommended to go for customization i.e. coding.
When coming to customization, any changes in the UI i.e. look&feel, one can customize using LWC.
Salesforce started with classic version that's when Visual force(VF) page was leverage to make any user interface changes but now that Salesforce has migrated to lightning, for new implementations VF page should be replaced by LWC(Lighning Web Component).
Before launching LWC, Salesforce came up with Aura components as a replacement to VF page however soon switched to LWC which is built on new framework. LWC is a UI framework leveraged to build single page apps with intuitive UI which uses Javascript on the client side and Apex on the server side. As it is component based single page app(SPA), performance would be comparatively better/faster and is always recommended to go with LWC against to VF page/Aura component.
Lightning web components are custom HTML elements built using HTML and modern JavaScript. Lightning web components and Aura components can coexist and interoperate on a page.
Advantages of LWC -
- LWC is an open source framework which can deployed on any platform.
- Reusable and customizable/scalable
- Better Performance
In order to access/modify the data from the database/server, developers make use of Apex Class/Apex Triggers to automate a business process.
https://trailhead.salesforce.com/content/learn/modules/lwc-for-visualforce-developers/learn-how-coding-concepts-apply-to-lwc?trail_id=migrate-from-visualforce-to-lightning-web-components
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